Pharmaceutical applications of radioactive substances, also known as radiopharmaceuticals, involve the use of radioactive isotopes in medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. These substances are crucial in nuclear medicine, providing valuable information about physiological processes, disease detection, and targeted treatments. Here are key pharmaceutical applications: 1. Diagnostic Imaging Single-Photon Emission …
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Sodium Iodide I-131: Storage Conditions and Precautions
Sodium Iodide I-131 (NaI-131) is a radioactive isotope of iodine, a halogen element. It is widely used in nuclear medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The radioisotope’s properties make it valuable for imaging the thyroid gland and treating certain thyroid conditions, including hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. Storage Conditions 1. …
Radio isotopes and study of radio isotopes
Radioisotopes, or radioactive isotopes, are isotopes of chemical elements that exhibit radioactivity. These isotopes have unstable nuclei, leading them to undergo spontaneous radioactive decay, emitting particles or energy in the process. The radioactivity of these isotopes makes them valuable in various scientific, medical, industrial, and environmental applications. Key Characteristics 1. …
Half-life of a radioactive substance
Definition: The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to undergo radioactive decay. It is a characteristic property of each radioactive isotope and is independent of the initial quantity of the substance. Key Points 1. Mathematical Representation The …
Properties of Alpha (α), Beta (β), and Gamma (γ) Radiations
1. Nature Alpha (α): Consists of helium nuclei (2 protons and two neutrons). Beta (β): Involves high-energy electrons (β⁻) or positrons (β⁺) emitted from the nucleus during a process of neutron-proton conversion. Gamma (γ): Electromagnetic radiation similar to X-rays but with higher energy. 2. Charge Alpha (α): Positively charged. Beta …
Measurement of radioactivity
Radioactivity measurement involves quantifying the amount of radioactive material and the intensity of radiation emitted. Various instruments and techniques are used for this purpose. Here are some commonly used methods for measuring radioactivity: 1. Geiger-Muller Counters Principle: Geiger-Muller counters detect ionizing radiation by counting the number of electrical pulses produced …
Radiopharmaceuticals- Radioactivity
Radiopharmaceuticals are pharmaceutical formulations containing radionuclides (radioactive isotopes) that emit gamma rays or positrons. Nuclear medicine designs these compounds to diagnose or treat various medical conditions. Radiopharmaceuticals incorporate a biologically active molecule (typically a drug or a biological targeting molecule) with a radioactive isotope, creating a compound that imaging techniques …
Potash alum
Potash alum, also known as potassium aluminum sulfate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O. It is a hydrated double salt that consists of aluminum, potassium, sulfur, and oxygen. The compound forms large, colorless to white crystals and is highly soluble in water. Chemical Properties of Potash Alum …
Zinc sulfate
Zinc sulfate is an inorganic compound of zinc, sulfur, and oxygen. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that can exist in different hydrated forms, including zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZnSO₄ · H₂O) and zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O). The compound is highly soluble in water. Chemical Properties of Zinc Sulfate …
Astringent- Definition, Characteristics, Types
compound that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues and precipitate the protein, and astringent forms a protective layer on the surface. – Due to their protein action, astringents can reduce cell permeability. – This reduces local edema, exudation, and inflammation. – The word “astringent” derives from the Latin “adstringere”, …
