Definition Optical rotation, also known as optical activity, is a phenomenon where a substance rotates the plane of polarized light passing through it. This property is commonly observed in chiral compounds, which lack a plane of symmetry and exist in two mirror-image forms called enantiomers. Chirality and Enantiomers 1. Chirality: – Chirality is a […]
Definition: The refractive index (RI) is a fundamental optical property that quantifies how much a substance can bend or refract light. It is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium of interest. The refractive index is a dimensionless number, and it provides […]
Crystalline solid 1. Definition: – Crystalline solids are characterized by a highly ordered and repeating three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules. – The regular arrangement leads to the formation of a crystal lattice with well-defined planes and angles. 2. Atomic Arrangement: – Atoms in crystalline solids are arranged in a specific […]
Glassy states refer to the non-crystalline, amorphous phase that certain materials exhibit when transitioning from a liquid to a solid-like state. Rapidly cooling a liquid prevents the formation of a regular, repeating crystal lattice, leading to the occurrence of this transition. The resulting glassy state lacks long-range order in the atomic or molecular arrangement. Key […]
