Acid production in the stomach is a vital physiological process that plays a crucial role in digestion, protection against pathogens, and nutrient absorption. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid (HCl) in response to various stimuli, including the presence of food, gastrin hormone release, and neural signals. 1. Mechanism of Acid Production: …
DeepakRajput 
Digestive System: Anatomy of GI Tract with Special Reference to Anatomy and Functions of the Stomach
The digestive system is a complex network of organs responsible for the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination of food and nutrients. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, also known as the digestive tract or alimentary canal, is a continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus and is composed of …
Spinal Cord and Functions of Afferent (Sensory) and Efferent (Motor) Nerve Tracts
The spinal cord is a cylindrical bundle of nerves that extends from the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is encased within the vertebral canal formed by the vertebrae. The structure of the spinal cord can be divided into several regions: 1. Gray Matter: – …
Structure and functions of the brain (cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum)
The brain is a complex organ with various structures that work together to regulate numerous physiological and cognitive functions. It is broadly divided into three main parts: the cerebrum, the brain stem, and the cerebellum. Each of these structures has distinct anatomical features and functions. 1. Cerebrum: The cerebrum is …
Central Nervous System: Meninges, Ventricles of the Brain, and Cerebrospinal Fluid
The central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord, encased in protective layers and filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Understanding the anatomy and functions of the meninges, ventricles of the brain, and CSF is crucial for comprehending CNS health, pathology, and therapeutic interventions. 1. Meninges: The meninges are …
Industrial Pharmacognostical Technology – Pharmaacademias
Welcome to Pharmaacademias – your go-to destination for accessing and downloading previous year question papers with answers in the field of pharmaceutical studies. At Pharmaacademias, we understand the significance of past exam papers as valuable resources for exam preparation. 📚 Why Choose Pharmaacademias? – Comprehensive Collection: Explore an extensive repository …
