Pre-formulation studies are critical in the pharmaceutical development process as they provide essential information about the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of a drug substance. This data is used to design and develop stable, effective, and manufacturable dosage forms. Here, we discuss the application of pre-formulation considerations in the development …
DeepakRajput 
Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)
The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is a scientific framework for classifying drugs based on their solubility and permeability. This system helps predict the drug absorption and bioavailability, which are critical factors in drug development and regulatory approval processes. BCS Classification The BCS classifies drugs into four categories: 1. Class I: …
Chemical Properties of Drug Substances
Understanding the chemical properties of drug substances is critical for predicting their stability, compatibility, and overall behavior during formulation, storage, and administration. Here, we detail key chemical processes including hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemization, and polymerization, along with their significance in pharmaceutical development. Hydrolysis – Definition: Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction …
Physicochemical Characteristics of Drug Substances
Physical Form (Crystal & Amorphous) – Crystalline Form: – Crystal Lattice Structure: Crystalline substances have a defined and repetitive arrangement of molecules. This structure is characterized by unit cells that repeat in three dimensions. – Types of Crystals: Includes polymorphs (different crystal forms of the same compound), hydrates/solvates …
Study of Physicochemical Characteristics of Drug Substances
Introduction The study of physicochemical characteristics of drug substances is essential in pharmaceutical development. It involves the comprehensive evaluation of physical and chemical properties of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), which influences the drug’s formulation, stability, efficacy, and bioavailability. Understanding these characteristics is crucial for designing effective and stable pharmaceutical …
Pre-formulation Studies: Introduction, Goals, and Objectives
Introduction to Pre-formulation Pre-formulation studies are a crucial part of the pharmaceutical development process. These studies involve the characterization of the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of a drug substance (API – Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) alone and in combination with excipients. The primary goal of pre-formulation is to generate useful …
Loan License and Repacking License
Introduction In the pharmaceutical industry, various types of licenses are issued to regulate the manufacturing, packaging, and distribution of drugs. Two such licenses are the loan license and the repacking license. These licenses cater to different aspects of drug production and distribution, ensuring that all activities comply with regulatory standards …
Manufacture of New Drugs
Introduction The manufacture of new drugs involves a series of complex and tightly regulated processes designed to ensure the production of safe, effective, and high-quality pharmaceuticals. The journey from drug discovery to market involves numerous stages, including research and development (R&D), preclinical and clinical trials, regulatory approval, and commercial production. …
Manufacture of Drugs for Test, Examination, and Analysis
The manufacture of drugs for test, examination, and analysis is a critical aspect of pharmaceutical research and development. This process involves the production of small quantities of drugs that are not intended for commercial sale but are used to evaluate their safety, efficacy, and quality. Such activities are essential in …
Conditions for Grant of License and Conditions of License for Manufacture of Drugs
Introduction The process of obtaining a license for the manufacture of drugs is governed by stringent regulations to ensure that only high-quality, safe, and effective drugs are produced. The regulatory authorities lay down specific conditions that must be met for the grant of a manufacturing license. Once granted, the license …
