Antihistaminic agents, commonly referred to as antihistamines, are drugs that counteract the effects of histamine, a vital biogenic amine involved in various physiological and pathological processes. These agents are primarily used to manage allergic conditions, gastrointestinal issues, and certain central nervous system disorders. Below is a comprehensive exploration of histamine, …
DeepakRajput 
Silverson Emulsifier in Pharmaceutical Mixing
Definition A Silverson emulsifier is a high-shear mixing device specifically designed for emulsifying, homogenizing, and mixing a variety of liquid formulations, including those containing solids and powders. Known for its ability to create stable emulsions, it utilizes a unique rotor-stator design to generate high shear forces, which are essential for …
Paddles: Definition, Principle, Constriction, Working, Merits and Demerits
Paddles Paddle mixers are mechanical devices that consist of one or more paddle-shaped blades mounted on a rotating shaft. They are used to mix and homogenize liquids, powders, and pastes in various industries, including pharmaceuticals. Principles of Mixing with Paddles 1. Flow Induction: The paddles create motion in the fluid, …
Turbines: Definition, Principle, Constriction, Working, Merits and Demerits
Definition A turbine mixer is a type of mechanical mixing device commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for the mixing of liquids and slurries. Turbines consist of a set of blades mounted on a rotating hub, designed to create a specific flow pattern within a liquid. They are crucial for …
Propellers: Definition, Principle, Constriction, Working, Merits and Demerits
A propeller in the pharmaceutical context is a mechanical device used for mixing liquids in tanks or vessels. It consists of blades that rotate around a central shaft, creating fluid motion and ensuring homogenous mixing of pharmaceutical solutions, suspensions, or emulsions. Principles of Mixing with Propellers 1. Fluid Dynamics: The …
Application of Cell Cultures in Pharmaceutical Industry and Research
Cell cultures have become an indispensable tool in the pharmaceutical industry and biomedical research, serving a wide range of applications from drug discovery to toxicity testing and vaccine development. This section outlines the various ways in which cell cultures are utilized in these fields, highlighting their significance and impact. 1. …
Primary, Established, and Transformed Cell Cultures
Animal cell cultures are classified into three main categories based on their origin, lifespan, and characteristics: primary cultures, established (or continuous) cell lines, and transformed cell cultures. Each type serves unique purposes in research and biotechnology, and understanding their differences is crucial for selecting the appropriate culture for specific applications. …
Growth of Animal Cells in Culture
Animal cell culture is a fundamental technique in biological and medical research, enabling the study of cellular processes in a controlled environment. It involves the growth of cells derived from animal tissues under artificial conditions that simulate the natural environment. This technique is widely used in various fields, including drug …
Evaluation of Microbial Stability of Formulations
The evaluation of microbial stability in pharmaceutical formulations is crucial for ensuring product safety, efficacy, and shelf life. This process assesses a formulation’s ability to resist microbial contamination and growth over time, which is vital for products that are susceptible to spoilage, such as liquid formulations, creams, and ointments. Various …
Preservation of Pharmaceutical Products Using Antimicrobial Agents
The preservation of pharmaceutical products is essential to prevent microbial contamination, degradation, and spoilage, thereby ensuring their safety, efficacy, and shelf life. Antimicrobial agents, commonly referred to as preservatives, play a key role in protecting pharmaceutical products, especially those that contain water or are prone to contamination. These preservatives inhibit …
