A peptic ulcer is a sore or lesion that develops on the lining of the stomach, upper small intestine (duodenum), or esophagus due to the erosion of the mucosal barrier by acidic gastric juices. The term encompasses gastric ulcers (in the stomach) and duodenal ulcers (in the duodenum). Rarely, ulcers …
DeepakRajput 
Alzheimer’s Disease: Definition, Types, Causes, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Treatment
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia worldwide. It is characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes, resulting from the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. AD significantly impairs daily functioning and leads to a decline …
Schizophrenia: Definition, Types, Causes, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Treatment
Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe mental disorder characterized by disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness, and social interactions. It is often classified as a psychotic disorder due to the presence of symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the global population and is one of the …
Depression: Definition, Types, Causes, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Treatment
Depression is a common mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, and a range of physical and cognitive symptoms. Clinically referred to as major depressive disorder (MDD), it significantly impairs an individual’s daily functioning and quality of life. Depression is distinct …
Stroke: Definition, Types, Causes, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Treatment
A stroke, often referred to as a “brain attack,” occurs when blood flow to a specific area of the brain is interrupted. This disruption deprives brain cells of oxygen, causing them to die. As brain cells die, functions controlled by the affected area of the brain, such as memory and …
