The Ferric Chloride Test is a common qualitative test used to identify the presence of tannins in a given sample. Tannins, being polyphenolic compounds, react with ferric chloride to produce a characteristic color change. Here’s how the Ferric Chloride Test for tannins is conducted:

Procedure

1. Preparation of Sample:

Obtain a sample suspected to contain tannins, such as a plant extract.

Ensure the sample is in liquid form, or prepare a solution by extracting the tannins using an appropriate solvent.

2. Addition of Ferric Chloride:

Take a small volume of the sample solution in a test tube or another suitable container.

Add a few drops of a dilute solution of ferric chloride (FeCl₃) to the sample.

3. Observation:

Observe any color change in the reaction mixture.

The presence of tannins typically results in the formation of a blue-black or greenish-black color.

Interpretation

 A positive test, indicated by the color change, confirms the presence of tannins in the sample.

The intensity of the color change may vary depending on the concentration and type of tannins present.

Note

It’s important to use a dilute ferric chloride solution to avoid excessive interference or masking of the color change.

 The reaction involves forming a complex between ferric ions and the phenolic hydroxyl groups in tannins, resulting in the characteristic coloration.

The Ferric Chloride Test is a quick and simple method for the preliminary identification of tannins, providing valuable information about the presence of these polyphenolic compounds in various substances, including plant extracts.