1. Classification Chemical Nature: Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from ATP. It comprises an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and a cyclic phosphate group. Formation: The enzyme adenylate cyclase catalyzes the cyclization of ATP, forming cAMP. Second Messenger: cAMP is classified as a second messenger, as it …
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Classification and Biological Significance of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
1. Classification Chemical Nature: ATP is a nucleotide derivative composed of three components: Adenine: A nitrogenous base. Ribose: A five-carbon sugar. Triphosphate Group: Three phosphate groups linked together. Energy Storage: ATP is classified as an energy carrier or high-energy compound due to high-energy phosphate bonds. 2. Biological Significances Energy Currency …
Energy-rich compounds
Energy-rich compounds store and release energy easily due to high-energy chemical bonds. These compounds play crucial roles in various biological processes, providing the energy needed for cellular activities. Here are some notable examples of energy-rich compounds: 1. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ATP is often referred to as the “energy currency” of …
Redox potential
Redox potential, also known as oxidation-reduction potential, is a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to undergo reduction or oxidation in a redox reaction. It is expressed in volts (V) and provides insight into the electron transfer capabilities of a substance. A higher redox potential indicates a greater …
Relationship between free energy (G), enthalpy (H), and entropy (S)
The relationship between free energy (G), enthalpy (H), and entropy (S) is described by the Gibbs free energy equation: Δ G = Δ H – T Δ S Let’s break down the relationships between these thermodynamic parameters: 1. Gibbs Free Energy (G): Represents the maximum reversible work that a system …
Endergonic and Exergonic Reactions
1. Endergonic Reaction Definition: An endergonic reaction is a chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings, usually heat. In other words, the products of the reaction have more free energy than the reactants. Characteristics – Positive change in Gibbs free energy (Δ G > 0). – Non-spontaneous …
Bioenergetics – Concept of Free Energy
Bioenergetics is the scientific study of the flow and transformation of energy within living organisms. It explores how cells acquire, convert, store, and utilize energy to sustain life processes. Bioenergetics encompasses the metabolic pathways, reactions, and energy transfers that occur during cellular activities such as growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, …
Amino acids-Definition, Classification, Nature, Role
Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins and play essential roles in various biological processes. They are crucial for the structure, function, and regulation of cells and tissues within living organisms. Amino acids are characterized by functional amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups. Classification …
Proteins-Definition, Classification, Nature, Role
Proteins are large, complex biomolecules that play fundamental roles in the structure, function, and regulation of cells and organisms. They are involved in numerous biological processes and are essential for life. Proteins are composed of amino acid chains folded into specific three-dimensional structures, exhibiting remarkable function diversity. Classification of proteins …
Nucleic Acids- Definition, Classification, Nature, Role
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules that play a central role in storing, transmitting, and expressing genetic information in living organisms. They actively serve as the molecular blueprint for synthesizing proteins and play a crucial role in various cellular processes essential for the functioning and reproduction of cells. Classification of Nucleic …
