Alcohols Alcohols are a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to a carbon atom. They are commonly used as solvents, disinfectants, antiseptics, and psychoactive substances. Ethanol, or ethyl alcohol, is the most widely consumed alcohol and is found in alcoholic …
DeepakRajput 
Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs): definition, classification, mechanism and side effects
Definition: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), also known as anti-seizure medications or anticonvulsants, are a class of medications used to prevent or reduce the frequency and severity of epileptic seizures. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures, which result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. AEDs act on …
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: definition, classification, mechanism and side effects
Definition: Centrally acting muscle relaxants are a class of medications used to alleviate muscle spasms, stiffness, and pain by acting on the central nervous system (CNS) to reduce skeletal muscle tone and hyperactivity. They are commonly prescribed for musculoskeletal conditions such as back pain, neck pain, spasticity, and fibromyalgia, as …
Hypnotics: Definition, classification, mechanism and side effects
Hypnotics are a class of drugs that induce sleep or promote the maintenance of sleep. They are used to treat various sleep disorders, including insomnia, sleep onset difficulty, and sleep maintenance insomnia. Hypnotics act on the central nervous system (CNS) to produce sedation, reduce arousal, and promote relaxation, facilitating the …
Sedatives: definition, classification, mechanism and side effects
Sedatives are drugs that depress the central nervous system (CNS), producing a calming or tranquilizing effect, and are used to alleviate anxiety, induce relaxation, promote sleep, and reduce agitation. Sedatives are often prescribed for short-term treatment of anxiety disorders, insomnia, and acute agitation, as well as for preoperative sedation and …
General Anesthetics and Pre-Anesthetics
The General anesthesia is a medical state induced to achieve a reversible loss of consciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation, and amnesia, enabling surgical procedures or other medical interventions to be performed without causing pain or discomfort to the patient. General anesthesia involves a combination of drugs known as general anesthetics, along …
Dopamine: Introduction, Structure, Synthesis, and Functions, etc.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator that plays crucial roles in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. It belongs to the catecholamine family of neurotransmitters, along with norepinephrine and epinephrine, and is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine. Dopamine is involved in various physiological processes, including motor control, …
Serotonin: Introduction, Structure, Synthesis and Functions etc.
Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter and neuromodulator that plays crucial roles in regulating mood, emotion, cognition, sleep, appetite, and various physiological processes in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. Serotonin is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan and is widely distributed throughout the …
Glycine: Introduction, Structure, Synthesis and Functions etc.
Introduction: Glycine is the simplest amino acid in terms of structure and is one of the 20 amino acids that serve as the building blocks of proteins. In addition to its role in protein synthesis, glycine functions as a neurotransmitter and plays important roles in various physiological processes throughout the …
Glutamate: Introduction, Structure, Synthesis and Functions etc.
Glutamate is one of the most abundant and important neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS). It is an amino acid that serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, playing crucial roles in synaptic transmission, neuronal development, and brain function. Chemical Structure: Glutamate is an α-amino acid with …
