Sodium nitrite is sometimes used as part of an antidote regimen in cases of cyanide poisoning. Cyanide poisoning can occur through exposure to certain chemicals, including hydrogen cyanide and cyanogenic compounds. Sodium nitrite is used to induce methemoglobin formation, which can help to counteract the effects of cyanide poisoning. Here’s an overview of its use … Read more
Activated charcoal (AC) is a highly effective, widely used adsorbent in clinical toxicology for the treatment of poisoning and drug overdose. It works by binding toxins in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, preventing their systemic absorption. Activated charcoal is an inert, tasteless, and odorless powder with a large surface area due to its porous nature. It … Read more
Poison refers to any substance, chemical, or organism that, when introduced into or absorbed by a living organism, can cause harm, injury, illness, or death. Poisons disrupt normal physiological functions and can have toxic effects on cells, tissues, and organ systems. They can be ingested, inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or injected and may vary … Read more
Ferrous gluconate is another iron supplement commonly used as a hematinic to address iron-deficiency anemia. Like ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate provides a source of bioavailable iron to support the synthesis of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Role of Ferrous Gluconate in Hematinics 1. Iron Supplementation: Ferrous gluconate serves as a source of elemental iron, a … Read more
Hematinics promote the formation of hemoglobin, the iron-containing pigment in red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport. These substances are vital for producing and maintaining healthy red blood cells and are crucial in preventing and treating various forms of anemia. Hematinics often addresses conditions characterized by a deficiency in hemoglobin or red blood cells, leading … Read more
Sodium potassium tartrate, commonly known as Rochelle salt, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula KNaC₄H₄O₆·4H₂O. It is a double salt of tartaric acid, composed of one molecule of potassium sodium tartrate and four molecules of water of crystallization. 1. Mechanism of Action Irritation of Gastrointestinal Tract: Sodium potassium tartrate irritates the stomach lining … Read more
Emetics are substances or medications that induce vomiting. They are administered to promote the expulsion of the contents of the stomach and are used in cases of poisoning or overdose. Emetic irritates the stomach lining or directly stimulates the vomiting center in the brain, triggering the reflex to vomit. Healthcare professionals should supervise the administration … Read more
Ammonium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula NH₄Cl. It is a white crystalline salt that consists of ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻). The compound is highly soluble in water and has a slightly salty taste. Assay of ammonium chloride The assay of ammonium chloride refers to determining the purity or concentration … Read more
Expectorants are substances or medications that facilitate the expulsion of mucus and other respiratory secretions from the lungs and airways. They work by increasing the production of respiratory tract fluids and reducing the viscosity of mucus, making it easier to cough up.People frequently use expectorants to alleviate symptoms related to respiratory conditions, including coughs, chest … Read more
Iodine is a chemical element with antiseptic properties, making it effective against various microorganisms. It has been used for its antimicrobial benefits in different forms for medical and industrial applications. Antimicrobial Properties 1. Bactericidal: Iodine is effective against various bacteria, including grampositive and gramnegative species. 2. Virucidal: It has antiviral properties and can be effective … Read more
