1. In-Process Quality Control (IPQC) Tests for Capsules In-process quality control tests are performed during different stages of manufacturing to monitor the product and ensure consistency. These tests help in identifying and correcting deviations before the final product stage. 1.1 Weight Variation Test Purpose: To ensure consistent dosage of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in […]
Hard gelatin capsules are a popular solid dosage form, consisting of two parts: a body and a cap. These capsules are primarily composed of gelatin, which acts as the capsule shell, providing an efficient medium for delivering powdered, granulated, or semi-solid drugs. Filling of Hard Gelatin Capsules The filling process for hard gelatin capsules can […]
Capsule Sizes: Capsules are a common dosage form in pharmaceuticals, offering flexibility for delivering various active ingredients. Capsules come in a range of sizes to accommodate different dosages, allowing pharmaceutical manufacturers to select the best option based on the volume and weight of the formulation. Understanding capsule sizes is essential for proper dosage and patient […]
Hard Gelatin Capsules: Capsules are a popular and versatile dosage form for delivering medications, dietary supplements, and other substances orally. They are small, cylindrical, and often filled with powder, granules, semi-solids, or liquids, designed to encapsulate the active ingredients. Capsules are primarily classified into two types: hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules. This note […]
General Introduction Pterocarpus is a genus of trees belonging to the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family. The species of this genus are known for their medicinal properties, valuable timber, and resinous extracts. Some well-known species include: Pterocarpus marsupium (Indian Kino Tree) Pterocarpus santalinus (Red Sandalwood) Pterocarpus soyauxii (African Padauk) Pterocarpus indicus (Narra or Burmese Rosewood) These trees […]
Fibrinolytics, also known as thrombolytic agents or clot-busting drugs, are a class of drugs that dissolve blood clots by breaking down fibrin, the structural protein of clots. They work by activating plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades fibrin and helps restore normal blood flow. These agents are commonly used in the treatment of conditions such as […]
Anticoagulants are drugs or chemical substances that prevent or reduce blood coagulation, thereby inhibiting the formation of blood clots (thrombi). They are commonly used to treat or prevent conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation or other clotting disorders. Examples include heparin, warfarin, and direct oral […]
Hematinics are agents that improve the quality and quantity of red blood cells and are used primarily in the treatment of anemia. Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells, which impairs the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Hematinics can be used to address various types […]
Antihistaminic agents, commonly referred to as antihistamines, are drugs that counteract the effects of histamine, a vital biogenic amine involved in various physiological and pathological processes. These agents are primarily used to manage allergic conditions, gastrointestinal issues, and certain central nervous system disorders. Below is a comprehensive exploration of histamine, its receptors, and their distribution […]
The illegal cultivation, manufacture, sale, and export of opium are subject to severe penalties under both international and national laws. The regulations surrounding these activities aim to prevent the illicit production and trafficking of opium, which can fuel drug abuse and organized crime. Governments enforce stringent penalties to deter unauthorized activities involving opium poppy cultivation […]
