1. In-Process Quality Control (IPQC) Tests for Capsules In-process quality control tests are performed during different stages of manufacturing to monitor the product and ensure consistency. These tests help in identifying and correcting deviations before the final product stage. 1.1 Weight Variation Test Purpose: To ensure consistent dosage of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in … Read more
Hard gelatin capsules are a popular solid dosage form, consisting of two parts: a body and a cap. These capsules are primarily composed of gelatin, which acts as the capsule shell, providing an efficient medium for delivering powdered, granulated, or semi-solid drugs. Filling of Hard Gelatin Capsules The filling process for hard gelatin capsules can … Read more
Capsule Sizes: Capsules are a common dosage form in pharmaceuticals, offering flexibility for delivering various active ingredients. Capsules come in a range of sizes to accommodate different dosages, allowing pharmaceutical manufacturers to select the best option based on the volume and weight of the formulation. Understanding capsule sizes is essential for proper dosage and patient … Read more
Hard Gelatin Capsules: Capsules are a popular and versatile dosage form for delivering medications, dietary supplements, and other substances orally. They are small, cylindrical, and often filled with powder, granules, semi-solids, or liquids, designed to encapsulate the active ingredients. Capsules are primarily classified into two types: hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules. This note … Read more
The evaluation of liquid oral preparations, such as syrups, elixirs, suspensions, and emulsions, involves a series of tests and standards outlined in pharmacopoeias. These tests ensure that the products meet the required quality, safety, and efficacy standards. The following are key evaluation parameters commonly found in major pharmacopoeias such as the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), … Read more
Filling and packaging are critical steps in the production of liquid orals, including emulsions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs. These steps ensure that the product is safely contained, properly labeled, and protected from environmental factors that could affect its stability and efficacy. Filling Process 1. Preparation for Filling Bulk Product Transfer: The bulk liquid product is … Read more
Emulsions are liquid oral dosage forms where one liquid is dispersed in another immiscible liquid in the form of small droplets. They are commonly used to deliver drugs that are poorly soluble in water or to improve the taste and palatability of oily drugs. Proper formulation and manufacturing of emulsions are crucial to ensure stability, … Read more
Suspensions are a type of liquid oral dosage form where solid particles of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are dispersed in a liquid medium. They are used to deliver drugs that are insoluble or poorly soluble in water, providing an alternative to solutions. Proper formulation and manufacturing of suspensions are critical to ensure stability, efficacy, … Read more
Elixirs are liquid oral dosage forms that contain medicinal ingredients dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and water. They are used to deliver drugs in a palatable and easily absorbed form. The formulation and manufacturing of elixirs require careful attention to ensure effectiveness, stability, and patient acceptance. Formulation of Elixirs 1. Definition Elixirs: Clear, sweetened … Read more
Syrups are a popular form of liquid oral dosage due to their palatability and ease of administration. They are used to deliver both therapeutic agents and nutrients. The formulation and manufacturing of syrups involve several key considerations to ensure efficacy, stability, and patient acceptability. Formulation of Syrups 1. Definition Syrups: Concentrated solutions of sugar or … Read more
