Filtration is the process wherein a filter medium separates a heterogeneous mixture of fluid and solid particles. The filter medium allows the passage of fluid but retains the solid particles. The process retains oversized solids in the fluid, but it does not complete the separation, as the filtrate may contaminate with solid particles smaller in […]
A triple roller mill is used to mix semisolids while preparing ointments, creams, pill masses, wet mass for making granules, etc. Principle The material experiences a high shear developed by the differential speed and the narrow space between the rollers. Under the influence of this shear, aggregates, and particles get crushed, and the drug gets […]
Silverson emulsifiers mix or homogenize coarse particles in the emulsion and suspension, reducing them to fine particles. Its capacity ranges from 1 ml to 12 lt, and its ability to mix in-line with flow rates is up to 20 lt/min. Principle Silverson emulsifier works on the principle of shearing forces and turbulence produced by the […]
Turbines are mechanical devices that mix different fluids with blades and impellers. Turbines are used for mixing high viscosity liquids because of the greater shear forces produced by them than the propellers. They are used especially for the preparation of emulsion. For preventing vortex formation, baffles are often used. Construction ¨ Turbines consist of a […]
A Double cone blender is a competent and versatile machine used for uniform blending of granules and dry powders. It is made up of stainless steel. It is available in various working capacities ranging from 5 – 500 liters. Principle A double-cone blender produces a homogeneous solid-solid mixture. This equipment involves axial mixing as the […]
Mixing is among the most important unit operation processes in many industries. It involves the mixing of solids, liquids, or gases having two or more than two components. Mixing is the process where two or more ingredients are treated so that every particle of any one ingredient lies as near as possible to the particle […]
Pharmaceutical sieves are essential tools in the pharmaceutical industry, used to separate and classify pharmaceutical materials based on particle size. These sieves are crucial in quality control, formulation development, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Here’s a detailed note on pharmaceutical sieves and the standards that govern their use: Pharmaceutical Sieves Pharmaceutical sieves are precision instruments for performing […]
A pharmaceutical cyclone separator is a specialized piece of equipment used in the pharmaceutical industry for separating solid particles from gases or air streams. It operates based on the principles of centrifugal force and inertia, with the primary purpose of ensuring the cleanliness and quality of pharmaceutical products by removing contaminants and dust particles. Objectives/Applications […]
Introduction The Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) is a comprehensive collection of standards and guidelines for pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical ingredients used in India. It sets the standards for the quality, purity, and strength of drugs and pharmaceutical products. One important aspect of the IP is the classification of powders, which plays a vital role in pharmaceutical manufacturing. […]
Size separation in pharmaceutics refers to separating particles or components of a pharmaceutical material or formulation based on their size or particle size distribution. This separation technique is essential in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the quality, consistency, and performance of pharmaceutical products. Various methods and equipment can achieve size separation, and they play a […]
