A cardiotonic, also known as a cardiac tonic or positive inotropic agent, refers to a substance that can enhance the strength and efficiency of the heart’s contractions, particularly the force with which the heart muscle contracts during systole. These substances exert their effects on the cardiac muscle, influencing its contractility. Cardiotonics are often used in … Read more
Biological Source of Castor Oil Derived from the seeds of the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis), castor oil comes from a tropical perennial shrub belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. Although native to East Africa, the castor bean plant is now cultivated in various tropical and subtropical regions worldwide for the extraction of castor oil. Chemical … Read more
Biological Source of Senna Senna refers to several plant species belonging to the genus Senna within the legume family Fabaceae. The most commonly used species for medicinal purposes include Senna alexandrina (Alexandrian senna) and Senna angustifolia (Indian or Tinnevelly senna). These plants are native to North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. Chemical Constituents … Read more
Biological Source of Ispaghula Derived from the seeds of the Plantago ovata plant, Ispaghula, also known as psyllium, comes from an annual herb belonging to the Plantaginaceae family called Plantago ovata. It is native to the Mediterranean region and is cultivated in various parts of the world, including India, Pakistan, and parts of Europe, for … Read more
Laxatives are substances or medications that are used to promote bowel movements and alleviate constipation. They work by increasing the frequency or ease of stool passage, often by softening the stool or stimulating the intestines to move. Laxatives are commonly employed to relieve temporary constipation or to prepare the bowel for certain medical procedures. There … Read more
