Purgatives are substances or medications that induce rapid bowel evacuation, often associated with watery stools. They are used to thoroughly clean the intestines before medical procedures or surgeries. Classification of Purgatives Purgatives can be categorized into different classes based on their mechanisms of action. The two main classes are osmotic purgatives and irritant or stimulant … Read more
Laxatives are substances or medications that promote bowel movements and relieve constipation by increasing the frequency and ease of stool passage. Classification of Laxatives 1. Bulk-forming laxatives Bulk-forming laxatives are a type of laxative that promotes bowel movements by adding bulk and moisture to the stool, facilitating its passage through the intestines. These laxatives are … Read more
Anti-emetics are medications designed to prevent or alleviate nausea and vomiting. These drugs target specific receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract involved in the vomiting reflex. Anti-emetics are commonly used in various situations where nausea and vomiting are prevalent, such as during chemotherapy, postoperative recovery, and motion sickness. The goal of anti-emetic treatment is … Read more
Anti-ulcer drugs are a category of medications specifically designed to treat and prevent ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract. These ulcers can occur in various parts of the digestive system, such as the stomach and the duodenum. Classification of Anti-ulcer drugs Anti-ulcer drugs can be classified into several categories based on their mechanisms of action: 1. … Read more
Thrombolytic drugs, also known as fibrinolytic drugs, are a class of medications used to dissolve blood clots. They work by activating the body’s fibrinolytic system, which breaks down fibrin, the protein mesh that forms blood clots. In emergencies, healthcare providers use thrombolytic drugs to treat conditions such as acute myocardial infarction (heart attack), ischemic stroke, … Read more
Antiplatelet agents are medications that interfere with the normal process of blood clot formation by affecting platelets and small cell fragments involved in hemostasis (preventing bleeding). These drugs are commonly used to reduce the risk of blood clot-related disorders, particularly in conditions where inappropriate or excessive clotting poses a threat. Definition Antiplatelet agents are drugs … Read more
Anti-coagulants are a class of medications that interfere with the body’s natural blood clotting processes. They prevent or treat conditions associated with abnormal blood clot formation, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), atrial fibrillation, and certain cardiovascular disorders. By inhibiting clot formation, anti-coagulants reduce the risk of thromboembolic events. Definition Anti-coagulants are … Read more
Hematinic agents are substances or medications that help increase hemoglobin production, support red blood cell formation, and prevent or treat various forms of anemia. Anemia is a condition characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells or a hemoglobin deficiency, leading to a decreased capacity of the blood to carry oxygen. Definition Hematinic agents … Read more
Drug therapy for shock Drug therapy for shock: Shock is a severe and life-threatening medical condition marked by inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation, leading to impaired cellular metabolism and dysfunction. It results from a critical failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate blood flow to the body’s vital organs, such as the brain, heart, … Read more
Drugs used in Congestive heart failure Drugs used in Congestive heart failure: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic medical condition characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood efficiently, leading to inadequate circulation and a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other tissues. It is often a progressive condition that can affect the … Read more
