Pharmacology Archives - Page 6 of 10

Drugs used in atherosclerosis- Definition, Classification, Uses, Indications and contraindications

December 9, 2023 by DeepakRajput

Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a medical condition characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the buildup of plaques consisting of fats, cholesterol, and other substances. Various drugs are used in the management of atherosclerosis. Here’s a brief overview of the key aspects: 1. Definition Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease involving the gradual … Read more

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Definition, Classification, Uses, Indications and contraindications

April 5, 2025December 9, 2023 by DeepakRajput

Antiarrhythmic drugs are medications designed to prevent, control, or manage abnormal heart rhythms, known as arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are disturbances in the normal electrical activity of the heart, which can cause the heart to beat too quickly (tachycardia), too slowly (bradycardia), or irregularly. Classification of Antiarrhythmic drugs Anti-arrhythmic drugs are classified into four main classes based … Read more

Anti-anginal drugs- Definition, Classification, Uses, Indications and contraindications

December 9, 2023 by DeepakRajput

Anti-anginal drugs are medications designed to relieve or prevent angina pectoris, a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort resulting from reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. These drugs aim to improve the blood supply to the heart, reduce the workload on the heart, and alleviate the symptoms of angina. Anti-anginal drugs can be … Read more

Antihypertensive drugs- Definition, Classification, Uses, Indications and contraindications

April 5, 2025December 9, 2023 by DeepakRajput

Antihypertensive drugs are medications designed to lower high blood pressure, a condition known as hypertension. These drugs work by different mechanisms to reduce the resistance of blood vessels, decrease the volume of blood pumped by the heart, or both. The goal of antihypertensive therapy is to manage blood pressure within a normal range, thereby reducing … Read more

Opioid analgesics- Classifications, Mechanisms

November 29, 2023 by DeepakRajput

Opioid analgesics, commonly known as opioids, are a class of potent pain-relieving medications derived from or chemically similar to compounds found in the opium poppy plant. These drugs exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, known as opioid receptors, in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. Opioid analgesics are widely used for … Read more

Centrally acting muscle relaxants

November 29, 2023 by DeepakRajput

The nervous system (CNS) produces muscle relaxation. These drugs alleviate muscle spasms, stiffness, and associated pain. Unlike peripheral muscle relaxants, which act directly on the muscles, centrally acting muscle relaxants exert their effects by influencing neural pathways in the spinal cord and brain. Classification of Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants 1. Benzodiazepines: Example: Diazepam. Mechanism: Enhance … Read more

Nootropic agents- Classification, Mechanisms

November 29, 2023 by DeepakRajput

Nootropic agents, often called “smart drugs” or “cognitive enhancers,” purportedly enhance cognitive functions, including memory, creativity, motivation, and overall mental performance. These substances are used to improve cognitive abilities and promote mental well-being. Classification of Nootropic Agents 1. Racetams: Examples: Piracetam, Aniracetam, Oxiracetam. Mechanism: Believed to enhance memory and cognitive function. 2. Cholinergic: Examples: Choline, … Read more

Antipsychotics/ Neuroleptics- Classification, Mechanism

November 29, 2023 by DeepakRajput

Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics, are a class of medications primarily used to manage symptoms of psychosis. Psychosis is a mental health condition characterised by a disconnection from reality, which can manifest as hallucinations, delusions, disrupted thought patterns, and impaired insight. Antipsychotic drugs work by modulating neurotransmitter activity, particularly dopamine, in the brain to alleviate … Read more

Antidepressant drugs- Classification, Mechanism, Indications and contraindications

November 29, 2023 by DeepakRajput

Antidepressant drugs alleviate symptoms of depression, a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities. These drugs regulate neurotransmitter activity in the brain, primarily targeting chemicals such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The goal of antidepressant therapy is to improve mood, enhance emotional … Read more

Anti-anxiety drugs/ Anxiolytics

November 29, 2023 by DeepakRajput

Anti-anxiety drugs, also known as anxiolytics, are a class of medications designed to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and provide relief from excessive worry, fear, or nervousness. These drugs act on the central nervous system to modulate neurotransmitter activity, particularly gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate neuronal excitability. By enhancing the inhibitory effects … Read more