Anti-convulsant drugs, also known as anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), are a class of medications designed to prevent or reduce the occurrence of seizures, a hallmark symptom of epilepsy. These drugs act on the central nervous system to stabilise the abnormal electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures. Anti-convulsant drugs are crucial for managing epilepsy … Read more
Hypnotics are a class of drugs that induce and sustain sleep, often used to treat insomnia or other sleep disorders. These medications act on the central nervous system, primarily targeting the brain, to promote relaxation, reduce arousal, and facilitate the onset and maintenance of sleep. Hypnotics are commonly prescribed to help individuals fall asleep, stay … Read more
Sedatives are a class of drugs that exert a calming or tranquillising effect on the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction of excitement, agitation, or anxiety. These medications are used to induce a state of relaxation and calmness, making them valuable in various medical contexts. Sedatives can act on different neurotransmitter systems in the … Read more
General anaesthetics are a class of drugs that induce a reversible loss of consciousness, sensation, and memory, allowing for the performance of medical procedures or surgery to be pain-free and controlled. These agents act on the central nervous system, producing a state of unconsciousness and muscle relaxation, allowing surgical interventions without causing pain or discomfort … Read more
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if left untreated. Healthcare professionals use various drugs to manage and lower intraocular pressure, thereby slowing glaucoma progression.Here’s a detailed overview of drugs used in glaucoma treatment 1. Definition Healthcare professionals use … Read more
Mydriatics are a class of drugs used in ophthalmology to dilate the pupil. These drugs work by relaxing the iris sphincter muscle, which causes the pupil to enlarge. Mydriatics are primarily used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, such as eye examinations and certain eye surgeries. Below is a detailed overview of mydriatics 1. Definition Mydriatics … Read more
Miotics, also known as cholinergic agonists, are a group of drugs that mimic the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system. These drugs primarily act on the iris sphincter muscle and the ciliary muscle, leading to pupillary constriction (miosis) and accommodation (focusing on near objects). Classification Miotics can be classified into two … Read more
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of medications that healthcare professionals commonly use to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. They work by inhibiting the enzymes cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which produce prostaglandins—chemicals that mediate pain, inflammation, and fever. Classification NSAIDs can be classified into several groups, including: 1. Traditional … Read more
Local anesthetic agents are medications or compounds that induce reversible loss of sensation and pain in a specific localized body area. They work by blocking nerve impulses in the targeted region, preventing the transmission of pain signals to the brain. These agents are commonly used during medical procedures and surgery to alleviate localized pain. Local … Read more
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. It results from the production of autoantibodies that target and disrupt the function of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, impairing nerve-to-muscle signal transmission. Classification Medications used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis can be categorized into the following groups: 1. … Read more
