A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when there is a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to the damage or death of brain…
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects cognitive functions, particularly memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, a condition characterized by…
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain, leading…
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Seizures are episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the brain that lead to various symptoms, ranging from brief periods of…
Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), leading to a slowdown of various bodily functions. Etiopathogenesis:…
Definition: COPD is a progressive respiratory disease characterized by chronic airflow limitation due to inflammation of the airways and destruction of lung tissue. The term COPD encompasses two main conditions:…
Definition: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. There are different types of…
Definition: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchospasm, and increased airway responsiveness to various stimuli. It is a common respiratory condition that…
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a chronic medical condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, leading to inadequate perfusion of tissues and congestion of fluids in the…
Hyperlipidemia refers to elevated levels of lipids (fats) in the bloodstream, including cholesterol and triglycerides. These abnormal lipid levels can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by…
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