Blood groups

Screenshot 2025 02 26 110045 Blood groups

Blood groups: In the year 1900, Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system. In his experiments, he mixed different blood types, observing that the plasma from specific blood types produced agglutinates or formed clusters. This phenomenon was caused by the absence of molecules on red blood cells, which, in turn, led to … Read more

Mechanisms of coagulation

Screenshot 2025 02 26 112603 Mechanisms of coagulation

Mechanisms of coagulation: Blood coagulation, or clotting, is a complex and tightly regulated physiological mechanism that prevents excessive bleeding following a vascular injury. It involves a series of sequential and interrelated reactions that ultimately lead to the formation of a blood clot. The coagulation process can be divided into three main pathways: intrinsic, extrinsic, and … Read more

Types of joint movements and their articulation

Screenshot 2025 02 24 153356 Types of joint movements and their articulation

Joint movements Joint movements, also known as joint actions or articulations, refer to the various ways in which bones interact and move at the points where they meet. These movements are essential for a wide range of activities, from basic everyday tasks to complex athletic maneuvers. There are several types of joint movements, each with … Read more

Integumentary system: Structure and Functions

Screenshot 2025 02 24 145644 Integumentary system: Structure and Functions

Integumentary System (Skin) The integumentary system is the body’s outermost protective barrier, primarily composed of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands. It plays a crucial role in protecting the body from environmental damage, regulating temperature, and facilitating sensory perception. Among its components, the skin is the most extensive organ and serves as the first … Read more

Cell: Definition, Structure and Functions

Screenshot 2025 02 24 112953 Cell: Definition, Structure and Functions

A cell is defined as the smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life’s processes. A cell is defined as the smallest and most basic unit of life that is responsible for carrying out all of life’s essential processes. It serves as the structural, functional, and biological unit of all living … Read more

Basic anatomical terminologies

Screenshot 2025 02 24 112618 Basic anatomical terminologies

Basic anatomical terminologies is a fundamental system of standardized words and phrases that serve as the universal language for healthcare professionals, anatomists, and biologists. This specialized vocabulary allows for precise and consistent communication about the structures, locations, and relationships of different parts of the human body. Without this common terminology, describing anatomical features and their … Read more