Gonads are reproductive organs that play a central role in the development of sexual characteristics and the production of reproductive cells (gametes). In males, the gonads are the testes, and in females, they are the ovaries.
Hormones Produced by Gonads
• Male Gonads (Testes):
1.Testosterone: The primary male sex hormone responsible for developing male reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, and sperm production (spermatogenesis).
• Female Gonads (Ovaries):
1. Estrogen: A group of hormones, including estradiol, estrone, and estriol, that promote the development of female reproductive organs secondary sexual characteristics and regulate the menstrual cycle.
2.Progesterone: Primarily produced during the second half of the menstrual cycle, it helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy and maintains the uterine lining.
Functions of Gonads
•Male Gonads (Testes):
1. Sperm Production (Spermatogenesis): The testes produce sperm cells, which are necessary for fertilization during sexual reproduction.
2.Male Sexual Characteristics: Testosterone promotes the development of male sexual organs, deepening of the voice, facial and body hair growth, and the development of muscle mass.
•Female Gonads (Ovaries):
1.Egg (Ovum) Production (Oogenesis): The ovaries produce and release eggs (ovulation) during the menstrual cycle, which can be fertilized by sperm.
2.Female Sexual Characteristics: Estrogen is crucial for the development of female reproductive organs, breast development, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.
