Hypertension – Definition, Classification

Hypertension, widely recognized as high blood pressure, persistently elevates blood pressure levels, characterized by the force exerted by the blood against artery walls as the heart pumps it throughout the body. Specific numerical thresholds define hypertension, signifying increased pressure that may contribute to various cardiovascular and other health complications. Blood pressure, measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), is represented by two values:

1. Systolic Pressure: The higher of the two values, representing the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pumps blood into the circulation.

2. Diastolic Pressure: The lower value indicates the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between contractions.

Hypertension is commonly diagnosed when the blood pressure measures 130/80 mmHg or higher. However, the specific thresholds for diagnosis may vary based on clinical guidelines.

Types of Hypertension

1. Normal: Blood pressure below 120/80 mmHg.

2. Elevated: Systolic pressure between 120129 mmHg and diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg.

3. Hypertension Stage 1: Systolic pressure between 130139 mmHg or diastolic pressure between 8089 mmHg.

4. Hypertension Stage 2: Systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or higher or diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher.

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks, strokes, and other complications. Lifestyle modifications, medications, and regular monitoring are common approaches for managing hypertension and reducing associated health risks. Regular blood pressure checks and consultation with healthcare professionals are essential for diagnosing and managing hypertension.