Toxicity following sudden withdrawal of drugs, often referred to as drug withdrawal syndrome, occurs when a person abruptly stops or reduces the dosage of a drug that their body has become physically dependent on. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, ranging from mild discomfort to severe life-threatening reactions. The mechanisms of withdrawal toxicity … Read more
Antidepressants are a class of medications primarily used to treat depression and other mood disorders. They work by modulating the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, which are believed to play a role in regulating mood, emotions, and stress responses. Classification of Antidepressants Antidepressants are categorized into several main classes … Read more
Migraine, a neurological disorder, features recurrent, moderate to severe headaches often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, and sound. Migraines can significantly impact daily life and may last from a few hours to several days. Etiopathogenesis: Researchers believe that migraines result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurovascular factors, … Read more
Drugs of misuse “Drugs of misuse” refer to substances used in ways other than intended, posing potential harm. This includes actions like using medications without a prescription, exceeding prescribed doses, or using them non-medically. Misuse doesn’t necessarily imply addiction but involves deviating from recommended guidelines, leading to negative consequences. Commonly misused drugs include prescription medications, … Read more
The rise of pharmaceutical pollution in the environment has become a significant global concern, reflecting the unintended consequences of modern healthcare practices. Pharmaceutical pollution refers to releasing pharmaceutical substances and their metabolites into the environment, posing risks to ecosystems, aquatic life, and potentially human health. This issue arises from pharmaceuticals’ production, consumption, and disposal, presenting … Read more
Antidepressants are a class of medications primarily used to treat depressive disorders, including major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. They influence the balance of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly serotonin, norepinephrine, and, in some cases, dopamine. These neurotransmitters regulate mood, emotions, and overall mental well-being. Antidepressants can be categorized into various classes, each … Read more
