Peptic Ulcer: Definition, Types, Causes, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Treatment

A peptic ulcer is a sore or lesion that develops on the lining of the stomach, upper small intestine (duodenum), or esophagus due to the erosion of the mucosal barrier by acidic gastric juices. The term encompasses gastric ulcers (in the stomach) and duodenal ulcers (in the duodenum). Rarely, ulcers …

Macrolides: Classification, Dose, Indications, and Contraindications

Macrolides are a class of antibiotics characterized by a distinctive macrocyclic lactone ring structure. These antibiotics are effective against a wide range of bacteria, particularly Gram-positive bacteria. The mechanism of action of macrolides involves inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit. This interference disrupts the …

Anti-ulcer drugs- Definition, Classification, Uses, Indications and contraindications

Anti-ulcer drugs are a category of medications specifically designed to treat and prevent ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract. These ulcers can occur in various parts of the digestive system, such as the stomach and the duodenum. Classification of Anti-ulcer drugs Anti-ulcer drugs can be classified into several categories based on …

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