Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a vital hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the body’s fight-or-flight response. It plays a crucial role in regulating cardiovascular function, metabolism, and stress responses. This detailed note explores the synthesis, biological roles, and clinical significance of adrenaline. Synthesis of Adrenaline Adrenaline is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine through […]
The adrenal glands, also known as suprarenal glands, are small, triangular-shaped endocrine glands located on top of each kidney. They play a crucial role in producing hormones that regulate metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, stress response, and other vital functions. Anatomy of the Adrenal Gland 1. Location and Structure: Location: Each adrenal gland sits atop […]
The endocrine system is a complex network of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, reproduction, and homeostasis. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target organs or tissues, where they elicit specific physiological responses. Here is a detailed note on the classification of hormones and their […]
Definition Emergency drugs are medications that are administered in critical or life-threatening situations to address immediate medical needs. These drugs are crucial in various healthcare settings, including emergency departments, intensive care units, and pre-hospital care, where rapid intervention is essential to stabilize patients and prevent further harm. Categories of Emergency Drugs 1. Cardiac Arrest and […]
Drug therapy for shock Drug therapy for shock: Shock is a severe and life-threatening medical condition marked by inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation, leading to impaired cellular metabolism and dysfunction. It results from a critical failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate blood flow to the body’s vital organs, such as the brain, heart, […]
The regulation of blood glucose levels is a complex and tightly controlled process involving several hormones. The two primary hormones responsible for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis are insulin and glucagon, both produced by the pancreas. 1. Insulin Source: Produced by beta cells in the pancreas. Function: Stimulates glucose uptake by cells, particularly in the liver, […]
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that play a crucial role in transmitting signals across synapses in the nervous system. These signaling molecules transmit information from one neuron to another or from neurons to target cells (e.g., muscles or glands). Neurotransmitters can be classified based on various criteria, and each type has specific properties. Here’s a classification […]
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the “fight or flight” response of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The adrenal glands, situated on top of each kidney, produce it and release it into the bloodstream in response to stress or danger. Uses 1. Anaphylaxis Treatment: Epinephrine […]
The adrenal glands are a pair of small, triangular-shaped glands situated atop each kidney. Comprising two distinct parts—the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla—the adrenal glands play a crucial role in the body’s response to stress and contribute to various physiological functions. Hormones Produced by the Adrenal Glands Adrenal Cortex Hormones: 1.Cortisol: A glucocorticoid that regulates […]
Anti-adrenergic drugs, also known as adrenergic antagonists, are a class of medications that work by inhibiting the actions of norepinephrine and epinephrine, the neurotransmitters that activate adrenergic receptors. Doctors use these drugs to block or counteract the effects of the adrenergic system, reducing the impact of sympathetic nervous system stimulation and treating various medical conditions. […]
