In potentiometric titrations, accurately measuring the analyte concentration in a sample relies on determining the endpoint. We employ various methods to detect the endpoint, depending on the type of titration and the specific ion or parameter being measured. Here are some common methods for endpoint determination in potentiometric titrations and …
DeepakRajput 
Indicator Electrodes
Indicator electrodes detect and respond to changes in the analyte of interest within a sample solution in electrochemical measurements. These electrodes play a pivotal role in various electrochemical techniques, such as potentiometry and voltammetry. Indicator electrodes interact with the analyte to generate electrical signals for measuring and quantifying target species. …
Reference Electrodes
Reference electrodes are stable and well-defined electrodes used as a reference point in electrochemical measurements. They provide a known and constant electric potential against which other electrodes, particularly working electrodes, can be compared. Reference electrodes are essential in electrochemical techniques, ensuring accurate potential measurement and understanding the electrochemical behavior. Examples …
