Teratogens are substances that can cause congenital abnormalities or birth defects in a developing fetus when a pregnant woman is exposed to them. These substances can affect the fetus at any stage of pregnancy but are particularly harmful during the organogenesis period (the first trimester). Biological Sources of Teratogens Teratogens can be of various origins, … Read more
Introduction: Water pollution occurs when contaminants are introduced into water bodies, adversely affecting the environment and human health. The impact of water pollution on health is multifaceted, affecting individuals through contaminated drinking water, exposure to pollutants, and the disruption of aquatic ecosystems. This overview explores the various dimensions of how water pollution can adversely affect … Read more
Industries, particularly pharmaceuticals, food, and environmental monitoring, use the limit test for lead as a critical analytical method to detect and quantify the presence of lead ions in a sample. This test relies on chemical reactions that lead to the creation of a distinct lead compound. This test is essential to ensure that the lead … Read more
