Menstruation, also known as the menstrual cycle or menses, is a complex physiological process that occurs in females of reproductive age. It involves the cyclical shedding of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) and is regulated by intricate interactions between hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and uterus. Understanding the physiology of menstruation […]
The pituitary gland, often referred to as the “master gland,” plays a crucial role in regulating a wide array of bodily functions by controlling the activity of various other endocrine glands. Here’s a comprehensive overview of the pituitary gland, covering its definition, structure, functions, and associated disorders. The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is a small, […]
Spermatogenesis is the biological process by which spermatogonial stem cells in the male testes undergo mitotic divisions and differentiate into mature sperm cells (spermatozoa). This highly regulated and complex process occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and is essential for producing male gametes. Spermatogenesis can be divided into several distinct stages: 1. Spermatogonial […]
The endocrine system is a network of glands that release hormones, and chemical messengers regulating growth, metabolism, mood, and organ function. Unlike the rapid signals of the nervous system, endocrine hormones act more slowly, contributing to homeostasis and overall body coordination. Key components include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and pancreas, ensuring a delicate balance for […]
