Peptic Ulcer: Definition, Types, Causes, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Treatment

A peptic ulcer is a sore or lesion that develops on the lining of the stomach, upper small intestine (duodenum), or esophagus due to the erosion of the mucosal barrier by acidic gastric juices. The term encompasses gastric ulcers (in the stomach) and duodenal ulcers (in the duodenum). Rarely, ulcers …

Anti-emetics- Definition, Classification, Uses, Indications and contraindications

Anti-emetics are medications designed to prevent or alleviate nausea and vomiting. These drugs target specific receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract involved in the vomiting reflex. Anti-emetics are commonly used in various situations where nausea and vomiting are prevalent, such as during chemotherapy, postoperative recovery, and motion sickness. The …

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