Microbial Spoilage of Pharmaceutical Products: Definition, Types, and Factors Affecting Spoilage
Definition Microbial spoilage refers to the contamination and degradation of pharmaceutical products caused by the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi (molds and yeasts), and sometimes viruses. This spoilage can lead to a reduction in the quality, safety, and efficacy of the pharmaceutical product, rendering it unsuitable for use. Microbial contamination may occur during … Read more