Biologicals: Definition, types, and indications of biological agents with examples

Biologicals, often referred to as biologics, are pharmaceutical products derived from living organisms or containing components of living organisms. These products can include vaccines, blood or blood components, allergenics, somatic cells, gene therapies, tissues, and recombinant therapeutic proteins. Unlike traditional chemical drugs, which are synthesized through chemical processes, biological drugs are typically manufactured through biotechnological … Read more

Mumps: Causative agents, epidemiology and clinical presentations and Role of Pharmacists

Mumps is a viral infection caused by the mumps virus, which primarily affects the salivary glands, leading to swelling and inflammation. It is typically a childhood illness but can occur in individuals of any age who have not been vaccinated or previously exposed to the virus. Mumps is preventable through vaccination. Causative Agents The mumps … Read more

Types of Immunity and Immunization

1. Introduction to Immunity Immunity is the body’s ability to resist and fight off harmful microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It involves a complex defense mechanism system that recognizes and eliminates foreign invaders, providing protection against infections and diseases. Types of Immunity a. Innate Immunity: Definition: Present from birth, providing immediate, nonspecific defense … Read more

Vaccines- Definition, Types, Development, Challenges

Introduction: Vaccines are critical tools in public health, protecting against various infectious diseases by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens. This overview provides a comprehensive guide to vaccines, covering their definition, types, development, administration, and impact on global health. Definition: Vaccines are biological substances that stimulate the immune system to recognize … Read more

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