Noradrenaline, also known as norepinephrine, is a crucial neurotransmitter and hormone involved in the regulation of various physiological processes, including the fight-or-flight response, attention, arousal, and mood. It is synthesized primarily in the adrenal medulla and the locus coeruleus in the brain. This detailed note explores the synthesis, biological roles, and clinical significance of noradrenaline. […]
Definition of Adrenal Gland The adrenal glands, also known as suprarenal glands, are small, triangular-shaped endocrine glands located on top of each kidney. They play a crucial role in producing hormones that regulate metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, stress response, and other vital functions. Detailed Anatomy of the Adrenal Gland 1. Location and Structure: […]
The endocrine system is a complex network of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, reproduction, and homeostasis. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target organs or tissues, where they elicit specific physiological responses. Here is a detailed note on the classification of hormones and their […]
Definition Emergency drugs are medications that are administered in critical or life-threatening situations to address immediate medical needs. These drugs are crucial in various healthcare settings, including emergency departments, intensive care units, and pre-hospital care, where rapid intervention is essential to stabilize patients and prevent further harm. Categories of Emergency Drugs 1. Cardiac Arrest and […]
Definition: Shock is a critical medical condition characterized by inadequate blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, resulting in impaired cellular function. It is a life-threatening emergency requiring prompt intervention to restore perfusion and prevent organ failure. Classification 1. Vasopressors Vasopressors are a class of medications that constrict blood vessels and raise blood […]
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that play a crucial role in transmitting signals across synapses in the nervous system. These signaling molecules transmit information from one neuron to another or from neurons to target cells (e.g., muscles or glands). Neurotransmitters can be classified based on various criteria, and each type has specific properties. Here’s a classification […]
Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is a neurotransmitter and a hormone that plays a crucial role in the sympathetic nervous system’s “fight or flight” response. It belongs to a class of compounds known as catecholamines and is closely related to another neurotransmitter, epinephrine (adrenaline). Chemical name: “4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol.” Uses 1. Hemodynamic Support: In critical care settings, […]
The adrenal glands are a pair of small, triangular-shaped glands situated atop each kidney. Comprising two distinct parts—the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla—the adrenal glands play a crucial role in the body’s response to stress and contribute to various physiological functions. Hormones Produced by the Adrenal Glands Adrenal Cortex Hormones: 1.Cortisol: A glucocorticoid that regulates […]
Anti-adrenergic drugs, also known as adrenergic antagonists, are a class of medications that work by inhibiting the actions of norepinephrine and epinephrine, the neurotransmitters that activate adrenergic receptors. Doctors use these drugs to block or counteract the effects of the adrenergic system, reducing the impact of sympathetic nervous system stimulation and treating various medical conditions. […]
