Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine): Synthesis and Significance

Screenshot 2024 06 10 190511 Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine): Synthesis and Significance

Noradrenaline, also known as norepinephrine, is a crucial neurotransmitter and hormone involved in the regulation of various physiological processes, including the fight-or-flight response, attention, arousal, and mood. It is synthesized primarily in the adrenal medulla and the locus coeruleus in the brain. This detailed note explores the synthesis, biological roles, and clinical significance of noradrenaline. … Read more

Adrenal Gland: Definition, Structure, Functions, and Disorders

Screenshot 2024 06 06 124758 Adrenal Gland: Definition, Structure, Functions, and Disorders

The adrenal glands, also known as suprarenal glands, are small, triangular-shaped endocrine glands located on top of each kidney. They play a crucial role in producing hormones that regulate metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, stress response, and other vital functions. Anatomy of the Adrenal Gland 1. Location and Structure: Location: Each adrenal gland sits atop … Read more

Hormones: Hormones, Classification, mechanism, and functions

Screenshot 2024 06 06 121446 Hormones: Hormones, Classification, mechanism, and functions

The endocrine system represents an intricate and highly coordinated network of specialized glands that release chemical messengers known as hormones. These hormones play a pivotal role in orchestrating a wide array of vital physiological functions such as metabolism, growth and development, reproductive processes, and the maintenance of internal balance, or homeostasis. Unlike the rapid signaling … Read more

Emergency Drugs: Definition, Categories, and Uses

Screenshot 2024 02 15 120057 Emergency Drugs: Definition, Categories, and Uses

Definition Emergency drugs are medications that are administered in critical or life-threatening situations to address immediate medical needs. These drugs are crucial in various healthcare settings, including emergency departments, intensive care units, and pre-hospital care, where rapid intervention is essential to stabilize patients and prevent further harm. Categories of Emergency Drugs 1. Cardiac Arrest and … Read more

Drug therapy for shock: Definition, Classification, Mechanism, Indications and Contraindications

Screenshot 2023 12 09 145211 Drug therapy for shock: Definition, Classification, Mechanism, Indications and Contraindications

Drug therapy for shock Drug therapy for shock: Shock is a severe and life-threatening medical condition marked by inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation, leading to impaired cellular metabolism and dysfunction. It results from a critical failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate blood flow to the body’s vital organs, such as the brain, heart, … Read more

Neurotransmitters- What they are, Types & Functions

Screenshot 2023 12 07 104620 Neurotransmitters- What they are, Types & Functions

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that play a crucial role in transmitting signals across synapses in the nervous system. These signaling molecules transmit information from one neuron to another or from neurons to target cells (e.g., muscles or glands). Neurotransmitters can be classified based on various criteria, and each type has specific properties. Here’s a classification … Read more

Norepinephrine – Definition, Uses, Storage

Screenshot 2023 12 03 115722 Norepinephrine - Definition, Uses, Storage

Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is a neurotransmitter and a hormone that plays a crucial role in the sympathetic nervous system’s “fight or flight” response. It belongs to a class of compounds known as catecholamines and is closely related to another neurotransmitter, epinephrine (adrenaline). Chemical name: “4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol.” Uses 1. Hemodynamic Support: In critical care settings, … Read more

Adrenal glands- Definition, Functions

Screenshot 2023 12 01 204516 Adrenal glands- Definition, Functions

The adrenal glands are a pair of small, triangular-shaped glands situated atop each kidney. Comprising two distinct parts—the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla—the adrenal glands play a crucial role in the body’s response to stress and contribute to various physiological functions. Hormones Produced by the Adrenal Glands Adrenal Cortex Hormones: 1.Cortisol: A glucocorticoid that regulates … Read more

Anti-adrenergic drugs- Uses, Classification

Screenshot 2023 10 29 143758 Anti-adrenergic drugs- Uses, Classification

Anti-adrenergic drugs, also known as adrenergic antagonists, are a class of medications that work by inhibiting the actions of norepinephrine and epinephrine, the neurotransmitters that activate adrenergic receptors. Doctors use these drugs to block or counteract the effects of the adrenergic system, reducing the impact of sympathetic nervous system stimulation and treating various medical conditions. … Read more