Estrogen: Physiology, Pathology, and Clinical Uses

Estrogen is a group of steroid hormones primarily produced by the ovaries in females. It plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system, influencing processes such as the menstrual cycle, secondary sexual characteristics, and pregnancy. The three main types of estrogen are estradiol, estriol, …

Calcitonin: Physiology, Pathology, and Clinical Uses

Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland. It plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis by opposing the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH). While PTH raises blood calcium levels, calcitonin works to lower them. 1. Physiology of Calcitonin Source: Calcitonin is produced …

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