Introduction De novo synthesis of fatty acids is a crucial metabolic process in which acetyl-CoA is converted into fatty acids. This process primarily occurs in the cytoplasm of liver cells (hepatocytes), adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. Palmitic acid (C16:0) is the primary product of this pathway and serves as a precursor for other … Read more
Introduction Lipid metabolism is a complex process involving the breakdown, synthesis, and regulation of fats within the body. One of the key processes in lipid metabolism is β-oxidation, a catabolic pathway by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2. This note will provide a detailed overview … Read more
Lipids constitute diverse organic molecules essential to living cells’ structure and function. They play critical roles in energy storage, insulation, protection, and signaling within biological systems. Lipids are hydrophobic, meaning they are not soluble in water. Classification of LIpids Lipids are broadly classified into several categories: Lipids are a diverse group of organic compounds characterized … Read more
Biological Source of Castor Oil Derived from the seeds of the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis), castor oil comes from a tropical perennial shrub belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. Although native to East Africa, the castor bean plant is now cultivated in various tropical and subtropical regions worldwide for the extraction of castor oil. Chemical … Read more
