General Introduction Fennel is a flowering plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, native to the Mediterranean region but now widely cultivated worldwide. The plant is known for its aromatic seeds, leaves, and bulbs, which are used both as a culinary spice and for medicinal purposes. Fennel is particularly valued in the Mediterranean, Indian, and Middle […]
Introduction Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, are concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aroma compounds extracted from plants. They are termed “volatile” due to their ability to evaporate at room temperature, thus readily releasing their aromatic components into the air. These oils are responsible for the characteristic fragrances of plants and are widely used […]
Definition of Phenylpropanoids: Phenylpropanoids are a large class of plant secondary metabolites derived from the amino acid phenylalanine through the phenylpropanoid pathway. These compounds are characterized by a basic structure of a C6-C3 skeleton, which consists of a benzene ring (C6) linked to a three-carbon propene chain (C3). Phenylpropanoids are diverse in structure and function, […]
Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, are complex mixtures of volatile, aromatic compounds derived from plants. These oils evaporate readily at room temperature and are responsible for the fragrance and flavor of many plants. They are typically extracted by distillation, expression, or solvent extraction. Classification of Volatile Oils Volatile oils can be classified based […]
