Arrhythmias are disorders of the heart rhythm, which can range from benign to life-threatening conditions. Anti-arrhythmic drugs are used to treat and prevent these rhythm disturbances by modifying the electrical activity of the heart. Introduction Anti-arrhythmic drugs are medications designed to treat abnormal heart rhythms. They work by altering the electrical impulses in the heart, […]
Angina pectoris, commonly referred to as angina, is a symptom of myocardial ischemia characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle. Anti-anginal drugs are used to alleviate symptoms, improve exercise tolerance, and prevent acute coronary events. Introduction Anti-anginal drugs are medications designed to manage and treat angina pectoris. […]
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. Anti-hypertensive drugs are used to manage and treat hypertension by lowering blood pressure to prevent these complications. Introduction Anti-hypertensive drugs are medications designed to reduce elevated blood pressure. They work through various mechanisms […]
Anti-anxiety agents, also known as anxiolytics or tranquilizers, are medications used to treat anxiety disorders and related conditions by reducing feelings of anxiety, tension, and nervousness. They can provide symptomatic relief for acute episodes of anxiety or be used on a more long-term basis to manage chronic anxiety symptoms. Classification of Anti Anxiety Agents Anti-anxiety […]
Sympatholytics, adrenergic blockers, or adrenergic antagonists Sympatholytics, also known as adrenergic blockers or adrenergic antagonists, are a class of drugs that inhibit the actions of the sympathetic nervous system by blocking adrenergic receptors. These receptors are targets for the neurotransmitters adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and their activation leads to various physiological responses associated with […]
Propranolol is a medication belonging to the class of drugs known as beta-adrenergic blockers. It is a non-selective beta blocker, which blocks beta-1 (β1) and beta-2 (β2) adrenergic receptors. Propranolol affects receptors primarily found in the heart, blood vessels, and lungs. Healthcare providers use it for various cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions because it blocks the […]
Antiarrhythmic drugs are medications designed to prevent, control, or manage abnormal heart rhythms, known as arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are disturbances in the normal electrical activity of the heart, which can cause the heart to beat too quickly (tachycardia), too slowly (bradycardia), or irregularly. Classification of Antiarrhythmic drugs Anti-arrhythmic drugs are classified into four main classes based […]
Anti-anginal drugs are medications designed to relieve or prevent angina pectoris, a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort resulting from reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. These drugs aim to improve the blood supply to the heart, reduce the workload on the heart, and alleviate the symptoms of angina. Anti-anginal drugs can be […]
Antihypertensive drugs are medications designed to lower high blood pressure, a condition known as hypertension. These drugs work by different mechanisms to reduce the resistance of blood vessels, decrease the volume of blood pumped by the heart, or both. The goal of antihypertensive therapy is to manage blood pressure within a normal range, thereby reducing […]
Non-Pharmacological Management of Angina 1. Lifestyle Modifications: Dietary Changes: Adopting a heart-healthy diet low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium. Regular Exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity to improve cardiovascular health. Exercise should be tailored to individual capabilities and guided by a healthcare professional. 2. Smoking Cessation: Quitting smoking is crucial, as tobacco smoke is […]
